They say mobile phone-sized sensors integrated with the technology can deliver precise, real-time air quality readings.

Current monitoring systems are said to be expensive, not transportable and too few in number.

Air pollution is reported to be responsible for seven million deaths a year, according to the World Health Organisation.

Kingston Uni collaborated with Technocomm Consulting Ltd, network communications and sensors experts.

Together, they developed an affordable air pollution device called EnviroSense.

The study found that using AI improved the accuracy of measurements of harmful toxins like CO2 by up to 46%.

That’s when compared to large stationary air quality stations.